What is Vascular Liver Disease?

Vascular liver disease is a group of conditions where the blood flow to or from the liver is affected. Our liver plays an important role in filtering blood, breaking down toxins, and producing essential proteins. For the liver to work properly, blood must flow smoothly through it. In vascular liver diseases, this blood flow is blocked, reduced, or altered, which can lead to liver damage, swelling, or even failure if left untreated.

Unlike common liver problems caused by fat or alcohol, vascular liver disease is related to the blood vessels in the liver, such as the portal vein, hepatic vein, or arteries. While it’s less common, it can be serious and requires expert care.

Types of Vascular Liver Disease

1. Budd-Chiari Syndrome (BCS):
   This condition occurs when the hepatic veins (the blood vessels that drain blood from the liver) are blocked. It can cause pain, swelling, and liver enlargement.
2. Portal Vein Thrombosis (PVT):
   Here, the portal vein, which brings blood from the intestines to the liver, is blocked by a clot. This can lead to pressure buildup and complications like varices (swollen veins), fluid in the abdomen, and bleeding.
3. Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome (SOS):
   Also called veno-occlusive disease, it happens when small blood vessels inside the liver are blocked. It’s often seen after certain chemotherapy or stem cell transplants.
4. Arteriovenous Malformations:
   Abnormal connections between arteries and veins in the liver may cause irregular blood flow and affect liver function.

Causes of Vascular Liver Disease

The blood vessels in the liver can be blocked or damaged due to several reasons:

• Blood Clotting Disorders: Conditions that increase the risk of clots, like protein deficiencies or genetic disorders.
• Cancer or Tumors: Growths pressing on vessels or spreading into them.
• Infections or Inflammation: Long-standing liver inflammation can cause vessel damage.
• Liver Cirrhosis: Scarring from chronic liver diseases may compress blood vessels.
• Certain Medications or Chemotherapy: Some drugs can damage liver blood vessels.
• Pregnancy or Hormonal Changes: Certain hormones can increase clot risk.
• Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions where the body’s immune system attacks its own tissues, including liver vessels.

Symptoms to Watch Out For

Vascular liver disease may develop slowly, and many people may not notice symptoms until the condition becomes serious. Some common symptoms include:

• Pain or heaviness in the upper right side of the abdomen
• Swelling or enlargement of the liver
• Abdominal bloating due to fluid buildup (ascites)
• Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)
• Nausea or loss of appetite
• Weakness or fatigue
• Bleeding from the stomach or esophagus (in advanced cases)
• Enlarged veins around the abdomen or rectum

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to consult a liver specialist without delay. Early diagnosis can help prevent complications.

How is Vascular Liver Disease Diagnosed?

Doctors usually use a combination of tests to diagnose vascular liver diseases:

• Blood Tests: To check liver enzymes, clotting factors, and inflammation.
• Ultrasound with Doppler: This scan shows blood flow in liver vessels.
• CT Scan or MRI: Provides a detailed image of the liver and blocked vessels.
• Endoscopy: Used to look for bleeding in the stomach or esophagus.
• Liver Biopsy: In some cases, a small piece of liver tissue is examined under a microscope.

Treatment Options

The good news is that vascular liver disease can often be managed or treated if detected early. Treatment depends on the specific cause and severity of the condition.

1. Medications:
   Blood thinners may be prescribed to dissolve clots or prevent new ones. Medicines may also be given to reduce pressure in the liver or manage inflammation.
2. Procedures:
   In certain cases, doctors may use advanced procedures like stenting or angioplasty to open blocked vessels. Endoscopic procedures are also used to control bleeding.
3. Liver Care:
   Regular monitoring, dietary changes, and managing underlying diseases like cirrhosis or cancer are essential for improving outcomes.
4. Liver Transplant:
   For severe cases where the liver is extensively damaged, transplant surgery may be required. This is a complex but life-saving option offered at specialized centers like Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune.

Expert Care by Dr. Tushar Madke

At Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, patients with vascular liver diseases receive expert care under the guidance of Dr. Tushar Madhav Madke, Consultant – Transplant Hepatology Department. Dr. Madke has advanced training in managing complex liver conditions, including blood vessel-related disorders.

He completed his MBBS and MD in Internal Medicine from TNMC, Mumbai, and pursued DM Hepatology from the Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (ILBS), New Delhi, one of India’s top hepatology centers. His experience includes working with renowned experts and advanced transplant centers like Dr. Rela Institute, Chennai.

With over 5 years of experience, Dr. Madke has treated patients with critical liver conditions such as Budd-Chiari syndrome, portal vein thrombosis, and sinusoidal obstruction syndrome. His approach is a blend of advanced diagnostics, personalized care, and compassionate support.

Why Early Treatment Matters

Vascular liver diseases, if left untreated, can lead to serious complications such as liver failure, severe bleeding, and life-threatening infections. Early detection, proper medication, and lifestyle changes can slow down or even reverse the condition in many cases.

With expert care, routine monitoring, and patient education, people with vascular liver diseases can lead healthier and longer lives.

Take Charge of Your Liver Health

If you experience symptoms like abdominal pain, swelling, or fatigue, don’t ignore them. Consult Dr. Tushar Madke at Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, who specializes in managing complex liver diseases including vascular conditions. With the right diagnosis, treatment, and guidance, you can take control of your liver health and prevent future complications.

📞 Book your consultation today and get expert liver care tailored to your needs.